Acrylonitrile

CAS number 107-13-1

Description

Acrylonitrile is a colourless, garlic/onion smelling liquid at room temperature, soluble in water, with a high odour threshold.

Uses

Acrylonitrile is primarily used in the manufacturing and processing of plastic materials, paints, petrochemicals, and other chemicals.

In the indoor ambient air it can be found in arts and crafts/office supplies e.g. pens, markers; paints, furniture, fabrics e.g. rugs, and household maintenance products.

It is no longer used as a fumigant or to make beverage bottles in the USA, and the Environmental Protection Agency is currently evaluating it for possible restriction under the Toxic Substance Control Act https://advocacy.sba.gov/2023/12/19/epa-announces-five-new-high-priority-chemicals-for-risk-evaluation-and-risk-management-under-tsca/

Why it can be problematic for human and animal health

The main effects of chronic exposure are seen in occupational settings. Acrylonitrile is shown in scientific literature as being associated with the following chronic health impacts:

Respiratory disease e.g. asthma
Allergies e.g. skin, eye irritation
Fatigue, headaches and dizziness
Low grade anaemia
Mental health, e.g. contributing towards depression and/or anxiety
It is a probable carcinogen, with inconclusive studies on lung cancer in adults due to confounding variables, and has caused tumours in animal studies

Acrylonitrile can have an acute toxic effect through inhalation, leading to nausea, dizziness and neurological effects. Acute dermal exposure can lead to irritation, burns and blisters.